windows - Where is guest ring-3 code run in VM environment? -

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according white paper vmware has published, binary translation techinology used in kernel (ring 0 codes), ring 3 code "directly executed" on cpu hardware.

as observed, no matter how many processes run in guest os, there 1 process in host os. assume guest ring 3 code run in single host process context. (for vmware, it's vmware-vmx.exe).

so question here is, how execute many ring 3 code natively in single process? considering of windows exe file don't contain relocation information, cannot executed somewhere else, , binary translation not used in ring3 code.

thanks.

let's talk vmx, intel vt-x's design.

intel vt-x introduces 2 new modes solve problem: vmx root mode , vmx non-root mode, host , guest respectively. both modes have ring 0~3, means host , guest not share same ring level.

a hypervisor running in ring 3 of vmx root mode, when decides transfer cpu control guest, hypervisor lanuch vmlaunch instruction, allows transfer vmx non-root mode vmx root mode. guest ring 3 code able automatically executing in vmx non-root mode. of supported intel vt-x. no binary translation or instruction emulation needed running guest.

of course ring 3 of vmx non-root mode has less privilege , power. example, when guest ring 3 code encounters somthing cannot handle, such physical device access request, cpu automatically detect kind of restriction , transfer hypervisor in vmx root-mode. after hypervisor finish task, trigger vmlaunch again running guest.


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